By PERRI KLASS, M.D. Fever is common, but fever is complicated. It brings up science and emotion, comfort and calculation. As a pediatrician, I know fever is a signal that the immune system is working well. And as a parent, I know there is something primal and frightening about a feverish child in the night. So those middle-of-the-night calls from worried parents, so frequent in every pediatric practice, can be less than straightforward. A recent paper in The Journal of the American Medical Association pointed out one reason, and a longstanding discussion about parental perceptions reminds us of the emotional context. The JAMA study looked at over-the-counter medications for children, including those marketed for treating pain and fever: how they are labeled, and whether the droppers and cups and marked spoons in the packages properly reflect the doses recommended on the labels. The article concluded that many medications are not labeled clearly, that some provide no dosing instrument, and that the instruments, if included, are not marked consistently. (A dosing chart might recommend 1.5 milliliters, but the dropper has no “1.5 ml” mark.) “Basically, the main message of the paper is that the instructions on the boxes and bottles of over-the-counter medications are really confusing,” said the lead author, Dr. H. Shonna Yin of New York University Medical Center, who is a colleague of mine and an assistant professor of pediatrics. © 2011 The New York Times Company

Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 14856 - Posted: 01.11.2011

By NICHOLAS WADE Oxytocin has been described as the hormone of love. This tiny chemical, released from the hypothalamus region of the brain, gives rat mothers the urge to nurse their pups, keeps male prairie voles monogamous and, even more remarkable, makes people trust each other more. Yes, you knew there had to be a catch. As oxytocin comes into sharper focus, its social radius of action turns out to have definite limits. The love and trust it promotes are not toward the world in general, just toward a person’s in-group. Oxytocin turns out to be the hormone of the clan, not of universal brotherhood. Psychologists trying to specify its role have now concluded it is the agent of ethnocentrism. A principal author of the new take on oxytocin is Carsten K. W. De Dreu, a psychologist at the University of Amsterdam. Reading the growing literature on the warm and cuddly effects of oxytocin, he decided on evolutionary principles that no one who placed unbounded trust in others could survive. Thus there must be limits on oxytocin’s ability to induce trust, he assumed, and he set out to define them. In a report published last year in Science, based on experiments in which subjects distributed money, he and colleagues showed that doses of oxytocin made people more likely to favor the in-group at the expense of an out-group. With a new set of experiments in Tuesday’s issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, he has extended his study to ethnic attitudes, using Muslims and Germans as the out-groups for his subjects, Dutch college students. © 2011 The New York Times Company

Keyword: Hormones & Behavior; Aggression
Link ID: 14855 - Posted: 01.11.2011

By LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN, M.D. WASHINGTON — The bullet that a gunman fired into Representative Gabrielle Giffords’s head on Saturday morning in Arizona went straight through the left side of her brain, entering the back of her skull and exiting the front. Trauma surgeons spent two hours on Saturday following an often-performed drill developed from extensive experience treating gunshot wounds in foreign wars and violence in American homes and streets. On Saturday, that drill really began outside a supermarket, with paramedics performing triage to determine the seriousness of the wounds in each of the 20 gunshot victims. Ms. Giffords, 40, was taken to the University Medical Center in Tucson, where, 38 minutes after arrival, she was whisked to an operating room. She did not speak at the hospital. As part of the two-hour operation, her surgeons said on Sunday, they removed debris from the gunshot, a small amount of dead brain tissue and nearly half of Ms. Giffords’s skull to prevent swelling that could transmit increased pressure to cause more extensive and permanent brain damage. The doctors preserved the skull bone for later replanting. Since surgery, they have used short-acting drugs to put Ms. Giffords in a medical coma that they lift periodically to check on her neurological responses. They said early signs made them cautiously optimistic that Ms. Giffords would survive the devastating wound. © 2011 The New York Times Company

Keyword: Brain Injury/Concussion
Link ID: 14854 - Posted: 01.11.2011

by Helen Thomson From phantom limbs and sick brains, through mirror neurons, synaesthesia, metaphor and abstract art, the ability of Vilayanur S. Ramachandran to generate new ideas about the human brain has made him a superstar. Just talking to him, Helen Thomson found out, puts your brain through a strenuous workout "HE knows his leg belongs to him, he's not crazy. He just doesn't want it anymore," says Vilayanur Ramachandran. He calls this odd state of affairs "spooky". Downright terrifying seems more like it. Another of his patients believes he is, rather inconveniently, dead. "He says he can smell decaying flesh but doesn't bother committing suicide because what's the point? In his mind he's already dead." Ramachandran is regaling me with these disturbing anecdotes at a recent Society for Neuroscience conference in San Diego, California. As one of the most prolific neuroscientists of our time, everyone wants a piece of him. I sneak a glance at the other reporters looking on as I whisk him out of the press room. He seems endearingly unaware of his popularity, shaking hands with "fans" at every turn. Then again, investigating strange neurological conditions and asking what they can tell us about the human mind has allowed him to develop special insights into the qualities of human uniqueness, something he is eager to share not only with his peers at the conference but with a wider audience through his books and lectures. In person, Ramachandran sparkles, his hands shake with a slight, odd, quiver, but his smile suggests he is on the verge of either telling you something very wise - or very silly. But today there is no silliness: we talk about the complex topic of metaphor. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.

Keyword: Attention
Link ID: 14853 - Posted: 01.11.2011

Whether it's the Beatles or Beethoven, people like music for the same reason they like eating or having sex: It makes the brain release a chemical that gives pleasure, a study says. The brain substance is involved both in anticipating a particularly thrilling musical moment and in feeling the rush from it, researchers found. Previous work had already suggested a role for dopamine, a substance brain cells release to communicate with each other. But the new work, which scanned people's brains as they listened to music, shows it happening directly. While dopamine normally helps us feel the pleasure of eating or having sex, it also helps produce euphoria from illegal drugs. It's active in particular circuits of the brain. The tie to dopamine helps explain why music is so widely popular across cultures, Robert Zatorre and Valorie Salimpoor of McGill University in Montreal write in an article posted online Sunday by the journal Nature Neuroscience. Voices unnecessary for response The study used only instrumental music, showing that voices aren't necessary to produce the dopamine response, Salimpoor said. It will take further work to study how voices might contribute to the pleasure effect, she said. © CBC 2011

Keyword: Drug Abuse; Hearing
Link ID: 14852 - Posted: 01.11.2011

By Gareth Cook For more than 15 years, I have had a secret. My wife knows. My family knows, as do a few close friends. But what would my co-workers think? My editors? My sources on the science beat? more stories like this When I imagine them knowing, I can't get an image out of my head: My seventh-grade English teacher, glaring at me, with a look that needed no words. You are lazy and stupid, Gareth. Why are you even wasting my time? I am dyslexic. Reading is slow for me. If I try to read aloud, it is halting, even with children's books. I can't spell. I was never able to learn cursive, and I am virtually unable to take handwritten notes while someone is talking. If it weren't for a strange quirk in the disorder -- I can type notes and listen -- I could never have hidden my struggles at work, because I wouldn't be able to do my job at all. In the last few months, there has been a burst of interest in dyslexia, with cover stories in Time and Newsweek inspired by a new book, Overcoming Dyslexia. The author, Dr. Sally Shaywitz, is one of a group of scientists who have made tremendous progress in understanding the disorder over the last few years. © 2011 NY Times Co.

Keyword: Dyslexia
Link ID: 14851 - Posted: 01.11.2011

Giving stroke patients Prozac soon after the event could help their recovery from paralysis, a study has found. Researchers discovered more improvement in movement and greater independence after three months in patients taking the antidepressant (also known as fluoxetine), compared to placebo. The Lancet Neurology study was based on research on 118 patients in France. UK stroke experts said the findings were "promising". This was the largest study of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and stroke recovery to date. Tests on stroke patients 90 days after being given the drug found that patients taking fluoxetine had gained significantly more function in their upper and lower limbs than patients who were not given the drug. Patients in the fluoxetine group were also more likely to be coping independently. All patients in the study had moderate to severe motor disabilities following their stroke. The study noted that the side-effects from the antidepressant were generally mild and infrequent, although this group did notice more instances of nausea and diarrhoea. BBC © MMXI

Keyword: Stroke; Depression
Link ID: 14850 - Posted: 01.10.2011

By Julie Steenhuysen CHICAGO — Although first approved to treat schizophrenia, new antipsychotic medications are increasingly being prescribed for a host of other uses, even when there is little evidence they work, U.S. researchers said on Friday. The drugs, known as "atypical antipsychotics," have quickly eclipsed older-generation or "typical" antipsychotics and are increasingly used to treat conditions like bipolar disorder, depression and even autism. "What we see is wide adoption for the use of these medications far beyond the evidence base to support it," said Dr. Caleb Alexander of the University of Chicago and a consultant for IMS Health, a company that collects data on prescription drugs. He said more than half of all atypical antipsychotic prescriptions written in 2008 were based on flimsy evidence. "We're talking millions of prescriptions a year for antipsychotics in settings where there is uncertain evidence to support them," said Alexander, whose study appears in the journal Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. The drugs are not harmless, Alexander said in a telephone interview. They can cause weight gain, diabetes and heart disease and are far more costly than the older antipsychotics, which cause disorders such as involuntary movements. Atypical antipsychotics accounted for more than $10 billion in U.S. retail pharmacy drug costs in 2008 — nearly 5 percent of all prescription drug spending. Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters.

Keyword: Schizophrenia
Link ID: 14849 - Posted: 01.10.2011

By RONI CARYN RABIN Antidepressants like Prozac and Paxil are widely used to treat depression, but a much less costly alternative called bright light therapy, in which a patient sits under an artificial light for a set period of time each day, is not. Light therapy is typically recommended for seasonal affective disorder, the “winter blues” brought on by shorter days and limited sun. Some psychiatrists prescribe it for this condition, often as a last resort when patients fail to respond to drugs. One reason light therapy hasn’t been used in more people with depression is that there aren’t many good clinical trials of the therapy in depressed patients without seasonal affective disorder. There isn’t much money to be made from the treatment — all it involves is a one-time purchase of a special lamp. The upside is that it has few, if any, side effects (though, doctors note, it should always be done in consultation with a physician). Now a new, carefully designed randomized controlled trial — of the kind considered the gold standard in medicine — suggests bright light therapy deserves a closer look. The study was small, involving only 89 patients ages 60 and older, but the results were remarkable. Compared with a placebo, light therapy improved mood just as well as conventional antidepressant medications, said Dr. Ritsaert Lieverse, the paper’s lead author and a psychiatrist at the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam. © 2011 The New York Times Company

Keyword: Biological Rhythms; Depression
Link ID: 14848 - Posted: 01.10.2011

By Marissa Cevallos A quantum effect known as entanglement may be part of the compass that birds use to sense Earth’s magnetic field, researchers report in an upcoming Physical Review Letters. Critters from bacteria to mole rats use tiny variations in the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate, but exactly how they sense the magnetism is a mystery. One idea is that magnetic fields disrupt pairs of entangled electrons in a light-sensitive protein in the retina. In quantum entanglement, particles are linked to each other so that one always knows instantly what the other is doing, even if they get separated. In the new research, physicists at the University of Oxford and the National University of Singapore calculated that quantum entanglement in a bird’s eye could last more than 100 microseconds — longer than the 80 microseconds achieved in physicists’ experiments at temperatures just above absolute zero, says Elisabeth Rieper, a physicist at the National University of Singapore. That would be a surprising feat for a bird warbling at room temperature, which people thought was too hot to see quantum effects. “It may all be right, but I would personally like to be cautious about this,” says Thorsten Ritz, a biophysicist at University of California, Irvine, who is a proponent of the model but wasn’t involved in this research. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2011

Keyword: Animal Migration
Link ID: 14847 - Posted: 01.10.2011

by Debora MacKenzie Hands up everyone whose new year's resolution is to lose weight. Wouldn't it be great if we could just take a pill to shed fat? Time and again "diet pills" have turned out to be useless, dangerous or both – but now there may finally be a safe one that works. Zafgen, a start-up drug company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has announced that its first human test of a drug named ZGN-433 caused 24 obese women to lose, on average, a kilogram a week for a month – with no harmful side effects. The trial could not be extended past a month without initial safety tests at a range of doses – which was the purpose of this trial. The detailed results will be reported next week at a conference on obesity in Keystone, Colorado. This is a stunning rate of weight loss, especially as the women ate normally and were not given exercise advice. It is almost the maximum rate considered safe, and nearly as effective as surgery to reduce stomach sizeMovie Camera. Many companies are searching for drugs to combat the rich world's obesity epidemic, but the researchers say no other tested so far has worked as well. It isn't all your fault that it is so hard to lose weight. When you initially become fat, your body adapts in ways that make it harder to lose that fat. Some involve the brain's control of appetite, but others involve the molecular controls that determine how much of that food you turn into fat, or whether you burn fat for energy. "We believe we are overcoming these adaptations," says Zafgen CEO Tom Hughes. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.

Keyword: Obesity
Link ID: 14846 - Posted: 01.10.2011

Catherine de Lange, reporter First you see it, then suddenly it's gone. A new illusion (see video, above) shows how our perception of objects changes as soon as they start moving. At first, the ring of dots is motionless and it's easy to tell that the dots are changing color. When the ring begins to rotate, however, the dots suddenly appear to stop changing. The faster the ring moves, the less the colours appear to change. But in reality, they were changing the whole time, at the same rate. As the video shows, the illusion also works for brightness, shape and size. The phenomenon - change blindness - by which observers don't notice that an image is changing in front of their eyes, isn't new. Nor is the notion that motion affects the way we see objects - watch our video special on moving illusions for lots of other cool examples - this new illusion designed by Jordan Suchow and George Alvarez at Harvard University demonstrates the principle especially well. The pair believe the illusion occurs because the areas of the brain responsible for detecting these changes are organised locally - each part of the visual field is monitored by a specific part of the brain. Because a fast moving object spends little time at any one location, a local detector only has a small window of time in which to assess the changing object - and therefore fails to detect the change. Journal Reference: Current Biology, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.12.019 © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.

Keyword: Vision; Attention
Link ID: 14845 - Posted: 01.10.2011

Ewen Callaway A new blood test diagnoses Alzheimer's disease by sensing molecules produced by the immune systems of people with the neurodegenerative condition. So far, the test has been applied to just a small number of blood samples, but if proven on a larger scale, the assay could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease in combination with other tests, says Thomas Kodadek, a professor of chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida. It could also be used to identify patients for trials of experimental Alzheimer's drugs, he adds. His team published its results online today in Cell1. Currently, the only way to conclusively distinguish Alzheimer's from other dementias by examining the gnarled plaques and tangles of protein found in the brains of those with the condition. This can only be done after death. A furious search is under way for earlier, less-invasive tests using brain scans, blood draws and spinal taps, for instance. Globally, over 35 million people suffer from Alzheimer's. There are no effective treatments for the disease or proven means of preventing it. Most trawls for blood biomarkers typically whittle down a list of potential molecules to a few that differ between people with a condition and healthy people. For instance, Tony Wyss-Coray's team at Stanford University in California screened 120 proteins involved in cell communication and found 18 of the proteins present at higher levels in the blood of people with Alzheimer's disease than others2. © 2011 Nature Publishing Group

Keyword: Alzheimers
Link ID: 14844 - Posted: 01.07.2011

By Susan Milius SALT LAKE CITY — When pairs of young comb-footed spiders engage in an arachnid version of heavy petting, the males gain experience that appears to pay off later. A male spider that repeatedly courts and mock-mates with a not-quite-mature female ends up reaping benefits later, said Jonathan Pruitt of the University of California, Davis. Speaking January 4 at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, he proposed that such seemingly pointless spider encounters, which can’t produce offspring, may resemble other young animals’ racing and wrestling by providing practice for life’s future tasks. “I thought it would sound silly if I called my talk ‘Spider Sex Play,’” Pruitt said, “but that’s essentially what it is.” And he ranked it as the first example of any kind of play behavior demonstrated in spiders. Among the Anelosimus studiosus spiders, which live and spin webs along rivers and under bridges from Maine to Patagonia, females don’t develop an opening to their reproductive tract until their final molt. Males mature faster and hang around not-quite-mature females, often going through most of the mating routine. During almost-sex, the male doesn’t load his sex organs with sperm but performs a courtship display by drumming the female’s web with his legs and sex organs. If she assumes a cooperative posture, he approximates a mating position too. He then taps her body where the reproductive tract will eventually open. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2011

Keyword: Sexual Behavior; Evolution
Link ID: 14843 - Posted: 01.07.2011

By Bruce Bower Crying women may literally turn men off. Odorless chemical signals in a woman’s waterworks lessen any stirrings of sexual interest in a guy who whiffs her tear-stained cheeks, a new study suggests. In a paper published online January 6 in Science, a team led by neuroscientists Shani Gelstein and Noam Sobel of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, presents the first evidence that human tears contain pheromones, substances that influence behavior via smell. “Our experiments suggest that women’s emotional tears contain a chemosignal that reduces sexual arousal in men,” Sobel says. Chemical compounds in tears that douse men’s desire have yet to be identified. “This new report makes a strong case for pheromones in women’s tears, but the results clearly warrant replication,” comments neuroscientist Robert Provine of the University of Maryland Baltimore County. The reasons why people, but not any other animal, cry at sad thoughts or events remain poorly understood. Tears provide key visual cues to a person’s inner emotional distress, Provine says. In a 2009 study that he directed, men and women rated the faces of crying people with visible tears as much sadder than the same faces digitally altered to remove tears. Tear removal made faces appear emotionally ambiguous, with participants saying that awe, concern or puzzlement often outweighed sadness. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2011

Keyword: Chemical Senses (Smell & Taste); Sexual Behavior
Link ID: 14842 - Posted: 01.07.2011

by Greg Miller A small study of 30 people with the most common inherited form of mental retardation has found encouraging evidence that some symptoms of the disorder can be alleviated with drugs. Some patients with Fragile X syndrome who received an experimental drug showed reductions in repetitive behaviors, hyperactivity, inappropriate speech, and social withdrawal. However, the drug affected only patients with a particular genetic alteration—a discouraging sign, perhaps, for those without that marker, but a potentially useful tool for identifying the patients most likely to respond to treatment. As recently as 10 years ago, the idea of reversing mental retardation was unthinkable. That's because many of these conditions result from genetic glitches that derail brain development even before birth. But recent studies with mice and other animals have given researchers hope that it may be possible to develop treatments that improve cognition and behavior in conditions like Fragile X syndrome, in which a mutation to a gene on the X chromosome makes part of the chromosome look unusually thin, and Rett syndrome, another common cause of mental retardation. One of the hottest prospects to emerge for treating Fragile X syndrome is a class of drugs that block a receptor in the brain called metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). This receptor plays a role in protein synthesis at the junctions between nerve cells, and it becomes hyperactive as a result of the gene mutation that causes Fragile X. Blocking this receptor, the thinking goes, helps restore its activity to a normal level. © 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Keyword: Development of the Brain; Genes & Behavior
Link ID: 14841 - Posted: 01.07.2011

Catherine de Lange, reporter Andrew Wakefield has been called many things since publishing his paper linking the MMR vaccine and autism in 1998. Now, he can add "'fraud" to the list, as BMJ this week publishes a series of papers claiming that the work was not only misleading, but also fraudulent. In his BMJ blog post, the journalist responsible for investigating Wakefield's claims - The Sunday Times's Brian Deer - goes as far as to say the research, which "triggered a decade-long health scare" was a "fix". Deer compared it to the "Piltdown Man", a famous scientific hoax in which archaeologist Charles Dawson combined the jaw of an orang-utan with the skull of a modern man, claiming it to be the fossilised remains of early man. In 1998, Wakefield, who worked at the Royal Free Hospital in London, published a controversial paper linking the MMR vaccine with autism. The paper was retracted from The Lancet in February 2010 because it turned out that, among other things, Wakefield had undisclosed conflict of interests and that the children in the study had been preselected. The British General Medical Council ruled later in the year that Wakefield should be banned from practising medicine. In the BMJ papers, Deer claims that Wakefield doctored details of the patients used in the study. He compared the medical records from the patients, which were presented at a General Medical Council hearing, with the paper's findings and found major discrepancies. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.

Keyword: Autism
Link ID: 14840 - Posted: 01.07.2011

by Deborah Kotz No question that a diagnosis of Lou Gehrig's disease -- as former Massachusetts governor Paul Cellucci announced Thursday -- is devastating. The disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, targets the brain and spine, causing muscle weakness that progresses to complete paralysis. There's no cure, and it's always fatal, usually within a decade of diagnosis. Yet Cellucci, who's currently the US ambassador to Canada, says his ALS is progressing slowly: "I've had symptoms for four years," the 62-year-old told the Associated Press. He said he has some muscle weakness, but other than that, he's "feeling quite well." Of course, one of the most famous ALS sufferers, besides Lou Gehrig himself, is physicist and cosmologist Stephen Hawking, who was diagnosed with the disease more than 45 years ago and is still living despite decades of complete paralysis. Some experts, though, say Hawking doesn't have true ALS but a similar type of motor neuron disease that progresses much more slowly. Unfortunately, no test can provide a definitive diagnosis of ALS, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Doctors make the diagnosis based on symptoms by looking at loss of nerve function in the limbs and ruling out other more common diseases.They also look for progression of symptoms over time. © 2011 NY Times Co.

Keyword: ALS-Lou Gehrig's Disease
Link ID: 14839 - Posted: 01.07.2011

By Susan Milius Parasitic worms may be saving their own little hides when they induce the caterpillars they infest to glow a little and blush a furious red. As the parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infects caterpillars of the greater wax moth, the normally pale caterpillars temporarily bioluminesce and also turn persistently pink-red. In outdoor taste tests with 16 European robins, birds overall preferred uninfected waxmoth caterpillars to ones that had been infected for at least three days. By day seven of infection, odd-colored caterpillars barely even got tentatively picked up by the birds, Fenton and his colleagues report in an upcoming paper in Animal Behaviour. “I think the cool thing is that it’s the first example, to our knowledge, of a parasite manipulating its host to avoid being eaten,” says Andy Fenton of the University of Liverpool in England. It’s to the parasite’s advantage not to be eaten, Fenton explains, because these nematodes don’t infect vertebrates. So if a bird happens to eat a parasitized caterpillar, it’s bye-bye wormy. Biologists have already uncovered weird examples of the opposite approach, in which other parasites change the appearance or behavior of hosts in ways that attract predators. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2011

Keyword: Emotions; Evolution
Link ID: 14838 - Posted: 01.04.2011

By Jessica Marshall Maggots. Rotten meat. Pus-oozing sores. Grossed out yet? Probably. The emotion of disgust is universal, strong and easy to invoke. A single disgusting photo is all it takes to make most of us say, "Ick." And that's for a good reason. Just as fear protects us from a lion that would eat us, "disgust is quite similar. It keeps us away from tiny little animals that would eat us up from the inside," said Valerie Curtis of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the lead author of a paper published today in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . "We evolved to stay away from poo, from bodily fluids, from mucous, from foods that have gone off, from worms in the garden." It's not just humans that have this reaction. Even nematode worms can recognize parasitic bacteria in a petri dish and crawl the other away, Curtis said. "It's a simple animal with only 302 neurons and it's got a disgust reaction." While the emotion is universal, it is flexible -- we can learn to be disgusted by new things -- and its intensity varies from person to person and depending on the circumstances. Individual differences can be measured by tests of "disgust sensitivity," which scores how disgusted people are by typical gross things like feces or rotten meat. Disgust may have evolved to protect us from pathogens, but it can go too far. Types of obsessive-compulsive disorders are thought to result from disgust sensitivity taken to the extreme, Curtis said, such as obsessive hand washing or boiling tea water multiple times before drinking. © 2011 Discovery Communications, LLC.

Keyword: Emotions; Evolution
Link ID: 14837 - Posted: 01.04.2011